{"id":1857,"date":"2024-12-09T10:21:57","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T02:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/?page_id=1857"},"modified":"2024-12-10T08:40:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T00:40:53","slug":"the-principles-of-animal-welfare-programs-at-abattoirs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/the-principles-of-animal-welfare-programs-at-abattoirs\/","title":{"rendered":"The principles of animal welfare programs at abattoirs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1857\" class=\"elementor elementor-1857\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8ea79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2b8ea79\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a4bec1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9a4bec1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17d286a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17d286a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a54219 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a54219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The principles of animal welfare <br>programs at abattoirs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd91c7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"acd91c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1170\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Impetus-Blog-Graphics-2.png\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-1869\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Impetus-Blog-Graphics-2.png 1170w, https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Impetus-Blog-Graphics-2-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Impetus-Blog-Graphics-2-1024x394.png 1024w, https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Impetus-Blog-Graphics-2-768x295.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfd5de8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bfd5de8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3ebd85 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3ebd85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 237);\"><em>Author: Sarah Babington<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the saying goes \u201cyou manage what you measure\u201d, or more so \u201cyou cannot improve what you do not measure\u201d. Animal welfare programs are important because they can assist those with animals under their care as a way of establishing a baseline for welfare which can then be monitored in a scalable way over time. In the context of abattoirs, having an internal animal welfare program can be beneficial in several ways because it can (Grandin, 2023):&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provide more information which allows for a better and more informed decision-making process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitor the practices at an abattoir to assess whether the standard of animal welfare is being maintained, improved, or worsened.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verify ongoing compliance with animal welfare requirements through monitoring activities and identify non-compliances so that corrective and preventative action can be taken.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be a mechanism for processors to encourage and demonstrate a commitment to continuous improvement of animal welfare and give the business a point of difference.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foster a pro-welfare workplace culture in which management and personnel are motivated and committed to continually improve animal welfare.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An animal welfare program at an abattoir includes the regulatory requirements, customer and assurance scheme requirements, animal welfare policies, standard operating procedures and working instructions, personnel training, relevant facility design and equipment, routine monitoring activities, and record keeping. While all the components of an animal welfare program are important, this article focuses on the monitoring activities within an animal welfare program that are used to assess welfare and validate effectiveness of the system at an abattoir.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"font-family: Inter, sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Using the Five Domains model in animal welfare programs<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); font-size: 1rem;\">The five domains model is a framework that is widely used to assess animal welfare. The model is an extension from the five freedoms to consider good welfare as more than minimising negative experiences but also providing opportunities for animals to have positive experiences (Mellor, 2016). The five domains are nutrition, environment, health, behavioural interactions, and lastly the mental state of an animal which the other four domains influence. Together the five domains can help assess the overall welfare state of an animal. The Five Domains model has been used to assess the welfare of some farm animal species in different situations, including pigs (Johnson et al., 2022; Plush et al., 2024), sheep (Hernandez et al., 2020), and horses (McGreevy et al., 2018), however it has not been applied and validated for use in an abattoir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>Monitoring activities of an animal welfare program<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: var(--text-align);\"><i>Selecting the measures<\/i><br><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-align: var(--text-align);\">The measures that are monitored under an animal welfare program will largely determine how effective the system is at identifying and addressing animal welfare issues and risks. The measures to monitor should be selected based on those that have the most significant impact on the welfare of animals if not monitored effectively. Measures that may be monitored under an animal welfare program can be classified as management-, resource-, or animal-based measures (Welfare Quality, nd). Management-based measures relate to policies, standard operating procedures, and general management practices at the abattoir. Resource-based measures assess the infrastructure designed, equipment, and provisions provided to animals while at the abattoir. Animal-based measures include directly assessing the physiology and behaviour of animals to infer their welfare state. See Table 1 below for examples of the types of measures that could be monitored under an animal welfare program at an abattoir.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Table 1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Examples of the types of measures that could be monitored under an animal welfare program at an abattoir.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><b>Animal-based measures<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Resource-based measures<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Management-based measures<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Acts of animal abuse&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Not fit to load&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Dead on arrival<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Body cleanliness&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Disease&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Injuries and lameness<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Thermal stress (heat and cold stress)&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Heavily pregnant, parturition, or young at foot<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Falls and slips during handling&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Use of electric prodders and handling aids&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Vocalization during handling or restraint<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Stun effectiveness and re-stun rate<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Unconsciousness during <\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; white-space-collapse: preserve; color: inherit; text-align: var(--text-align);\">bleeding<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Transport conditions&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Handling and lairage facility design&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Lighting&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Temperature and ventilation<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Water and food (if required) availability&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Noise levels&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Stunning restraint facility design and equipment<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Stunning method and equipment&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Stunning parameters&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Back-up stunning and emergency killing methods and equipment<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Slaughter (bleeding) method and equipment&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Personnel availability<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Regulatory compliance&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Animal welfare policies&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Standard operating procedures and work instructions&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Internal audit and monitoring systems&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Workplace culture&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Facility maintenance program&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Personnel training and competency verification&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">External audits and voluntary certification&nbsp;<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Aptos; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Record keeping and documentation<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When applying the five domain model to monitor animal welfare at an abattoir the first four domains of nutrition, environment, health, and behavioural interactions can be monitored through relevant measures and outcomes. See Table 2 for examples of measures that can be applied to the first four domains (Grandin, 2022). The fifth domain mental state on the other hand is currently unable to be directly measured.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Table 2.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Examples of measures that can be applied to the first four domains.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><b>Domain<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Examples<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrition<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Body condition scoring, and access to water<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environment<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Slips and falls during handling (indicate flooring condition), animal flow or escape attempts (indicate effectiveness of raceway design), signs of thermal stress (indicate temperature and ventilation control), and body cleanliness (indicate lairage cleanliness)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Health<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dead on arrival, signs of disease or injury, lameness, and bruises<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Behavioural interactions (includes animal-environment, animal-animal, and animal-human interactions)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acts of abuse, abnormal behaviours (e.g., stereotypies, aggression), use of electric prodders, use of handling aids, and vocalization during handling<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"font-family: Inter, sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><i style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Scoring system<\/i><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The way that animal-based measures may be scored during monitoring activities includes yes\/no, number based, or percentage based depending on the outcome of the measure and its risk to welfare (Meat Institute Animal Welfare Committee &amp; Grandin, nd). The chosen scoring system for a measure should be easy for personnel to use and consistently used during monitoring activities so that the data that is collected can be compared and tracked over time. For each measure there should be an established acceptable and unacceptable level, whereby if a measure is identified as unacceptable it initiates corrective and preventive actions to address the issue.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><i>Frequency and sample size<\/i><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); font-size: 1rem;\">Measures can be classified based on the risk and severity that the possible consequence may pose to the welfare of an animal, which can help determine how often they should be monitored. The number of animals or how often monitoring occurs is important to ensure data provides a meaningful representation of day-to-day operations. Measures that should be monitored for each individual animal should be those that pose a very high risk to animal welfare, such as whether animals were fit to load or stunned effectively. Many of the critical animal-based measures should be monitored for each individual animal by personnel during day-to-day operations. Other measures that may pose a lower risk to animal welfare may be able to be monitored less frequently or using sample size of animals that is representative of operations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>Feedback mechanism between producers and processors<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-align: var(--text-align); font-size: 1rem;\">S<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-align: var(--text-align); font-size: 1rem;\">ome animal-based measures that are collected at an abattoir can also provide information about the standard of animal welfare on-farm, for example if a group of cattle arrived at an abattoir in poor body condition or all had signs of lameness it would likely indicate poor conditions on-farm. Many of the welfare issues that are identified at an abattoir may be because of issues on-farm that on arrival become the responsibility of the abattoir. Therefore, where measures collected at the abattoir indicate information about on-farm conditions it is beneficial if there is a feedback mechanism for the abattoir to provide that data to producers so that practices can be adjusted to improve both welfare and meat quality.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><b>Reviewing animal welfare programs<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To ensure an animal welfare program is achieving its desired outcomes it is important that it is regularly reviewed, at least annually, and amended as required. The data collected from the monitoring activities within an animal welfare program should be regularly reviewed and discussed with management and personnel. There should also be the opportunity for personnel to have input and provide feedback so that they feel heard and have a vested interest in improving animal welfare.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"font-family: Inter, sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: #f7f7ed; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Summary<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Animal welfare programs are an important tool to validate and improve welfare outcomes for animals at abattoirs. Having an animal welfare program with robust monitoring activities can ensure that animal welfare is maintained, risks are addressed proactively, and opportunities for improvement are identified. Overall, abattoirs choosing to have an animal welfare program reflects a commitment to animal welfare and continuous improvement.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 16px; background-color: #f7f7ed;\"><b>Impetus Animal Welfare<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Impetus Animal Welfare we work with abattoirs in Australia to assist them in developing effective animal welfare programs so that processors have more information so that they can make better decisions to help improve animal welfare and their business.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact us at admin@impetusanimalwelfare.org&nbsp; to find out more or how you can be involved.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a013019 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a013019\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ea3fa2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8ea3fa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92145f1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92145f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Get the latest updates on our projects and what's going on in animal welfare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a1942f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"0a1942f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"tnp tnp-subscription \">\n<form method=\"post\" action=\"https:\/\/impetusanimalwelfare.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=tnp&amp;na=s\">\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nlang\" value=\"\">\n<div class=\"tnp-field tnp-field-firstname\"><label for=\"tnp-1\">First name<\/label>\n<input class=\"tnp-name\" type=\"text\" name=\"nn\" id=\"tnp-1\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"tnp-field tnp-field-surname\"><label for=\"tnp-2\">Last name<\/label>\n<input class=\"tnp-surname\" type=\"text\" name=\"ns\" id=\"tnp-2\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" required><\/div><div class=\"tnp-field tnp-field-email\"><label for=\"tnp-3\">Email<\/label>\n<input class=\"tnp-email\" type=\"email\" name=\"ne\" id=\"tnp-3\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"tnp-field tnp-field-profile\"><label for=\"tnp-4\">Organization<\/label>\n<input class=\"tnp-profile tnp-profile-1\" id=\"tnp-profile_1\" type=\"text\" size=\"\" name=\"np1\" placeholder=\"\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"tnp-field tnp-field-button\" style=\"text-align: left\"><input class=\"tnp-submit\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" style=\"\">\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b18d2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"75b18d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68cf1e0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68cf1e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: bolder; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var( --e-global-color-974aafe );\"><em>References<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc7fcbe elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc7fcbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size:8.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\n&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif\">Grandin, T. (2022). Practical application of the Five\nDomains animal welfare framework for supply food animal chain managers. <i>Animals\n(Basel)<\/i>,<i> 12<\/i>(20).<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12202831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12202831<\/a><br>\nGrandin, T. (2023). A successful case of implementation of farm animal welfare\naudits by large meat buyers. <i>Animal Behaviour and Welfare Cases<\/i>(2023),\nabwcases20230013.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/abwcases.2023.0013\" class=\"broken_link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/abwcases.2023.0013<\/a><br>\nHernandez, R. O., S\u00e1nchez, J. A., &amp; Romero, M. H. (2020). Iceberg\nindicators for animal welfare in rural sheep farms using the five domains model\napproach. <i>Animals<\/i>,<i> 10<\/i>(12), 2273.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10122273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10122273<\/a><br>\nJohnson, A. K., Rault, J.-L., Marchant, J. N., Baxter, E. M., &amp; O\u2019Driscoll,\nK. (2022). Improving young pig welfare on-farm: The Five Domains Model. <i>Journal\nof Animal Science<\/i>,<i> 100<\/i>(6).<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skac164\" class=\"broken_link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skac164<\/a><br>\nMcGreevy, P., Berger, J., De Brauwere, N., Doherty, O., Harrison, A., Fiedler,\nJ., Jones, C., McDonnell, S., McLean, A., &amp; Nakonechny, L. (2018). Using\nthe five domains model to assess the adverse impacts of husbandry, veterinary,\nand equitation interventions on horse welfare. <i>Animals<\/i>,<i> 8<\/i>(3), 41.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani8030041\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani8030041<\/a><br>\nMellor, D. J. (2016). Updating animal welfare thinking: Moving beyond the \u201cFive\nFreedoms\u201d towards \u201cA Life Worth Living\u201d. <i>Animals<\/i>,<i> 6<\/i>(3).<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani6030021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani6030021<\/a><br>\nPlush, K., Lines, D., Staveley, L., D\u2019Souza, D., &amp; Van Barneveld, R.\n(2024). A five domains assessment of sow welfare in a novel free farrowing\nsystem. <i>Frontiers in Veterinary Science<\/i>,<i> 11<\/i>, 1339947.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1339947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1339947<\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The principles of animal welfare programs at abattoirs Author: Sarah Babington As the saying goes \u201cyou manage what you measure\u201d, or more so \u201cyou cannot improve what you do not measure\u201d. Animal welfare programs are important because they can assist those with animals under their care as a way of establishing a baseline for welfare [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1857","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"impetusanimalwelfare.org","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":false,"featuredImageNotice":"The featured image should be at least 200 by 200 pixels to be picked up by Facebook and other social media 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